Spinoza's Ethics
Interactive Visual Exploration
From Substance to Blessedness: A Complete Philosophical System
Hierarchy
5 Parts
Parallelism
Affects
Power→Virtue
Complete
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ETHICA ORDINE GEOMETRICO DEMONSTRATA
/ ETHICS DEMONSTRATED IN GEOMETRICAL ORDER
Hierarchy diagram of Spinoza's Ethics
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infinite
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infinite
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expresses
expresses
SUBSTANCE
God / Nature (Deus sive Natura)
One • Infinite • Self-caused • Necessarily Exists
∞
∞
Infinite unknown attributes
ATTRIBUTE: THOUGHT
Infinite • Eternal • Conceived through itself
All mental phenomena
ATTRIBUTE: EXTENSION
Infinite • Eternal • Conceived through itself
All physical phenomena
Infinite Immediate Mode
(Infinite Intellect)
Infinite Immediate Mode
(Motion & Rest)
Infinite Mediate Modes
(Chains of Ideas)
Infinite Mediate Modes
(Face of Universe)
FINITE MODES
Individual minds • Ideas
Beliefs • Desires • Emotions
HUMAN MIND
= idea of body (IIP13)
FINITE MODES
Individual bodies • Objects
Physical states • Movements
HUMAN BODY
= complex individual
PARALLELISM (IIP7)
One thing expressed in two ways
IP14: Besides God, no substance • IP15: Whatever is, is in God • IIP7: Order of ideas = Order of things
Geometric Advisor